Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
When you report an email as spam, Outlook moves the message to your Junk Email folder, blocks the sender or adds them to your blocked list, and sends a copy of the reported message to Microsoft to help train and improve its global threat filters. Reporting spam does not cause your Outlook account to be deleted or disabled.
Your account is not penalized simply because other people send spam to you. Microsoft recognizes that you have no control over what random senders send to your address. Account suspension or elimination would generally be associated with abusive activity originating from your account, such as an account being compromised and then used to send large volumes of spam, phishing messages, malware, or other activity that violates Microsoft's terms.
Outlook handles unwanted email through both automatic filtering and user controls. Microsoft's Exchange Online Protection (EOP) examines incoming messages for indicators of spam, phishing, malicious content, suspicious senders, IP reputation, and other threat signals. Messages identified as spam can be placed automatically in the Junk Email folder instead of your Inbox.
You can also control unwanted messages yourself by marking them as Junk, reporting them as Phishing, blocking senders, creating rules, and maintaining Safe Senders and Blocked Senders lists. Marking a message as Junk or Phishing provides feedback that can help Microsoft's filtering systems identify similar unwanted or malicious messages in the future.
So, in simple terms, receiving spam does not put your Outlook account in danger. Reporting spam helps Outlook learn what you consider unwanted and can contribute to Microsoft's broader spam and threat-filtering systems. The concern for Microsoft is primarily when an account is being used to send abusive or malicious email, not when an account is receiving it.
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hth
Marcin