Hi!
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum.
Yes, there have been a growing number of reports recently of Outlook for Mac stopping mail sync after updates.
I advise to do a quick test by turning off new Outlook to shift to classic mode. Open Outlook, in the top-right corner, you should see an option to turn New Outlook OFF. (that will switch to classic mode).
Once in classic mode, try and sync again and see if inbox will be update.