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Dear @Tobias Stommel,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A.
Thank you for taking the time to describe the issue in such detail.
Based on your description, the key point is that the news posts are successfully published and visible in the Site Pages/News library, but do not appear in the News web part. This strongly indicates that the issue is not related to publishing, permissions, or basic web part configuration, but rather to how the News web part retrieves items through SharePoint Search.
There are two factors in your scenario that are particularly relevant and have been associated with similar behavior in SharePoint Online:
First, the News web part relies on search metadata such as Promoted State, First Published Date, and sorting/filtering logic handled by the search index. In environments using European date formats (DD‑MM‑YYYY), there have been reports where newly published news items are not returned correctly by the News web part, especially when sorting or filtering is involved. While the pages themselves display the correct dates in the library, the search layer may misinterpret the date when building the query, causing the items to be excluded from the results shown by the web part.
Second, you mentioned that you are using managed properties to sort or control how news is displayed. Even if this is only a single column with mutually exclusive values, it is important to note that the News web part is more sensitive to managed‑property filtering than lists or libraries. There have been recent regressions where the combination of managed property filters and published date handling causes news items to disappear from the News web part, even though nothing has changed in the site configuration.
Given these points, I recommend the following steps:
1/ As a temporary validation step, test the News web part without any managed‑property sorting or filtering. If the missing news items appear immediately, this confirms that the issue is tied to search filtering rather than publishing.
2/ Verify that the site regional settings match the intended locale (German) and that there is no mismatch between site locale and user profile language.
3/ Since this behavior started recently without changes on your side, the most effective next step is to open a Microsoft 365 support ticket from the Admin Center under SharePoint Online. The support team can review the backend search query and confirm whether this is a known service issue affecting your tenant.
You can raise support ticket from Microsoft 365 Admin Center>Support>Help & Support.
For reference: Get support | Microsoft Docs
If you are able to provide English screenshots later, that can certainly help with clarity, but based on your description, the issue is already well understood and aligns with known News web part/search‑related problems.
I hope this explanation helps clarify what is happening and points you in the right direction. Please let us know if you receive an update from Microsoft Support, as it may help others facing the same situation.
Looking forward to hearing back from you with any updates or additional details.
Warm regards,
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