Edit

Share via

Distinguishing Fast Startup from Wake-from-Hibernation

  • Article

There are three startup modes in Windows:

  • Cold (traditional)
  • Wake-from-hibernation
  • Fast (combines first two, introduced in Windows 8)

To distinguish fast startups from wake-from-hibernation, kernel-mode device drivers can examine system power IRPs.

During a cold startup, the boot loader constructs a kernel memory image by loading the sections of the Windows kernel file into memory and linking them. Next, the kernel configures core system functions, enumerates the devices attached to the computer, and loads drivers for them.

In contrast, a fast startup simply loads the hibernation file (Hiberfil.sys) into memory. A fast startup tends to take significantly less time than a cold startup.

To distinguish a fast startup from a wake-from-hibernation, a driver can inspect the information in the system set-power (IRP_MN_SET_POWER) IRP that informs the driver that the computer has entered the S0 (working) state. The driver's I/O stack location in this IRP contains a Power member, which is a structure that contains power-related information. Starting with Windows Vista, the Power member structure contains a SystemPowerStateContext member, which is a SYSTEM_POWER_STATE_CONTEXT structure that contains information about the previous system power states. This information is encoded in bit fields in the SYSTEM_POWER_STATE_CONTEXT structure.

Most of the bit fields in the SYSTEM_POWER_STATE_CONTEXT structure are reserved for system use and are opaque to drivers. However, this structure contains two bit fields, TargetSystemState and EffectiveSystemState, that can be read by drivers to determine whether a fast startup or a wake-from-hibernation occurred.

The TargetSystemState and EffectiveSystemState bit fields are set to SYSTEM_POWER_STATE enumeration values. If TargetSystemState = PowerSystemHibernate and EffectiveSystemState = PowerSystemHibernate, a wake-from-hibernation occurred.

However, if TargetSystemState = PowerSystemShutdown and EffectiveSystemState = PowerSystemHibernate, a fast startup occurred.

The TargetSystemState bit field specifies the last system power state transition for which the driver received a system power IRP before the computer shut down or entered hibernation. The EffectiveSystemState bit field indicates the effective previous system power state of the device, as perceived by the user. The TargetSystemState and EffectiveSystemState values might not match if, for example, the driver received notification of a pending system transition to the hibernation state, but a hybrid shutdown subsequently occurred.

For more information, see SYSTEM_POWER_STATE_CONTEXT.

Preparing for fast startup

To prepare for a fast startup, Windows performs a full shutdown sequence and saves a hibernation file.

  1. First, as in a full shutdown, Windows closes all applications and logs off all user sessions. At this stage, no applications are running, but the Windows kernel is loaded and the system session is running.
  2. Next, the power manager sends system power IRPs to device drivers to tell them to prepare their devices to enter hibernation.
  3. Finally, Windows saves the kernel memory image (including the loaded kernel-mode drivers) in Hiberfil.sys and shuts down the computer.

If the driver for a device configures the device differently depending on whether a cold startup or a wake-from-hibernation occurred, this driver should, after a fast startup, configure the device as though a cold startup occurred. For example, the system-supplied NDIS driver disables miniport wake capabilities on a fast startup but not on a wake-from-hibernation.