How to: Use ClickOnce to Deploy Applications That Can Run on Multiple Versions of the .NET Framework

You can deploy an application that targets multiple versions of the .NET Framework by using the ClickOnce deployment technology. This requires that you generate and update the application and deployment manifests.

This process requires the following steps:

1. Generate the application and deployment manifests.

2. Change the deployment manifest to list the multiple .NET Framework versions.

3. Change the app.config file to list the compatible .NET Framework runtime versions.

4. Change the application manifest to mark dependent assemblies as .NET Framework assemblies.

5. Sign the application manifest.

6. Update and sign the deployment manifest.

To generate the application and deployment manifests

• Use the Publish Wizard or the Publish Page of the Project Designer to publish the application and generate the application and deployment manifest files. For more information, see How to: Publish a ClickOnce Application using the Publish Wizard or Publish Page, Project Designer.

To change the deployment manifest to list the multiple .NET Framework versions

1. In the publish directory, open the deployment manifest by using the XML Editor in Visual Studio. The deployment manifest has the .application file name extension.

2. Replace the XML code between the <compatibleFrameworks xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:clickonce.v2"> and </compatibleFrameworks> elements with XML that lists the supported .NET Framework versions for your application.

   The following table shows some of the available .NET Framework versions and the corresponding XML that you can add to the deployment manifest.

   .NET Framework version	XML
   4 Client	<framework targetVersion="4.0" profile="Client" supportedRuntime="4.0.30319" />
   4 Full	<framework targetVersion="4.0" profile="Full" supportedRuntime="4.0.30319" />
   3.5 Client	<framework targetVersion="3.5" profile="Client" supportedRuntime="2.0.50727" />
   3.5 Full	<framework targetVersion="3.5" profile="Full" supportedRuntime="2.0.50727" />
   3.0	<framework targetVersion="3.0" supportedRuntime="2.0.50727" />

To change the app.config file to list the compatible .NET Framework runtime versions

1. In Solution Explorer, open the App.config file by using the XML Editor in Visual Studio.

2. Replace (or add) the XML code between the <startup> and </startup> elements with XML that lists the supported .NET Framework runtimes for your application.

   The following table shows some of the available .NET Framework versions and the corresponding XML that you can add to the deployment manifest.

   .NET Framework runtime version	XML
   4 Client	<supportedRuntime version="v4.0.30319" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0,Profile=Client" />
   4 Full	<supportedRuntime version="v4.0.30319" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0" />
   3.5 Full	<supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727"/>
   3.5 Client	<supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727" sku="Client"/>

To change the application manifest to mark dependent assemblies as .NET Framework assemblies

1. In the publish directory, open the application manifest by using the XML Editor in Visual Studio. The deployment manifest has the .manifest file name extension.

2. Add group="framework" to the dependency XML for the sentinel assemblies (System.Core, WindowsBase, Sentinel.v3.5Client, and System.Data.Entity). For example, the XML should look like the following:

   <dependentAssembly dependencyType="preRequisite" allowDelayedBinding="true" group="framework">
   

3. Update the version number of the <assemblyIdentity> element for Microsoft.Windows.CommonLanguageRuntime to the version number for the .NET Framework that is the lowest common denominator. For example, if the application targets .NET Framework 3.5 and .NET Framework 4, use the 2.0.50727.0 version number and the XML should look like the following:

   <dependency>
     <dependentAssembly dependencyType="preRequisite" allowDelayedBinding="true">
       <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Windows.CommonLanguageRuntime" version="2.0.50727.0" />
     </dependentAssembly>
   </dependency>
   

To update and re-sign the application and deployment manifests

• Update and re-sign the application and deployment manifests. For more information, see How to: Re-sign Application and Deployment Manifests.

See Also

Reference

<compatibleFrameworks> Element (ClickOnce Deployment)

<dependency> Element (ClickOnce Application)

ClickOnce Deployment Manifest

Concepts

Publishing ClickOnce Applications

Other Resources

Configuration File Schema for the .NET Framework