Product receipt against purchase orders
This article describes the various options for registering products as received.
Product receipt is the process of recording that products that were ordered have been received, so that the purchase order (PO) lines can then be processed for invoicing. In some cases, products go through preregistration, where additional information from the supplier is recorded before the products are received. When products arrive, they're first marked as Registered. The products might then go through other processes, such as quality management, before they're finally marked as Received.
Preregistration (ASN)
Suppliers might share information about products that will be shipped. In this case, you can preregister the products to record this information before the products are received. By preregistering products, you reduce the amount of work that is required during item registration and receipt. Suppliers can provide product information electronically through an Advance Shipment Notice (ASN) that is then automatically recorded in the system. The information in the ASN includes the quantity of products that will be shipped and the date when they'll be shipped. The ASN might also include information such as batch or serial numbers. Registration of the ASN occurs in the Transportation management module.
Registration
Product receipt registration often occurs at the inbound docks in a warehouse. It’s performed either by using a hand-held device or through arrival journals. Alternatively, you can manually register product receipt by using the Registration action on the Purchase order page. In both cases, the products are marked as Registered. The products aren’t yet marked as Received.
Products that are received in a warehouse might go through quality inspection before they're put away into inventory. Either quality orders or quarantine orders can be used to perform quality inspection. If quality orders are used, you can configure the process to temporarily block products through a reservation while they're inspected. If quarantine orders are used, products are moved to another warehouse for inspection. This warehouse is known as the quarantine warehouse. In both quality inspection processes, some of the goods might be scrapped, either because they don’t conform to the quality expectations or because the quality inspection involves destructive testing of a sample of the product.
Product receipt
Most often, the Product receipt action on the Purchase orders page is used to mark products as Received on the PO. The Posting product receipt page has various options for the quantity that is accounted as received. For example, you can set the Quantity field to Ordered quantity or Receive now quantity. Alternatively, if a warehouse arrival process has been used, you'll often set this field to Registered quantity. You can modify the quantities on each order line that will be marked as Received, to account for any discrepancies, such as under-delivery and over-delivery. During product receipt, you must specify a product receipt identifier, which is typically a reference to the packing slip from the supplier. This identifier is required for accounting, because it enables checks or audits of supplier packing slips against what has been received, and the accounted inventory or expense.
POs can be created for products that aren’t intended as inventory but are considered an expense. This category includes order lines where the products are marked as Not stocked by their inventory model group, and also lines that use procurement categories. In this case, the items might not go through arrival registration and receipt in the warehouse. Instead, the Product receipt action is used to record the receipt directly on the PO, and the receipt is based on the ordered quantity, not a registered quantity.
You can create PO lines where the New fixed asset option is enabled. This option indicates that the purchase should be considered a fixed asset instead of inventory. In this case, the fixed asset determination rules that have been configured determine whether the purchase of the product or category exceeds specific thresholds, and must therefore be accounted for as an asset and go through fixed asset management. Purchases can also be made toward an existing fixed asset. In this case, the amount is adjusted as appropriate.
You can select multiple orders and process receipt on all those orders together. This approach isn’t used often, but you might want to use it if a supplier has consolidated shipments for you into a single load. During product receipt on the purchase, there's a function for doing summary updates. Summary updates let you post a single packing slip from the supplier for more than one PO.
POs might be created from a sales order where the Direct delivery option was selected. When direct delivery is used, the products never arrive in your warehouse but are shipped directly from the supplier to the customer. In this case, the receipt is usually recorded directly on the PO. The receipt can be done automatically, such as through electronic data interchange (EDI) integration with the supplier. Alternatively, if the PO is an intercompany PO, Supply Chain Management automates the receipt on the intercompany sales order when shipment occurs. When direct delivery is used, products are still accounted as inventory, even though they don’t physically arrive at the warehouse. Therefore, when product receipt is registered on the PO, the sales order is automatically updated with a packing slip, so that the overall change to inventory is 0 (zero). In direct delivery scenarios, you shouldn't require preregistration. If you’re using warehouses that are enabled for warehouse management, you can get around the requirement for license plate registration by specifying a virtual warehouse instead. You specify this warehouse in the Direct delivery warehouse field on the product.
After the product receipt has been processed on the PO, the PO status is set to Received to indicate that the invoice can be processed for the order. You can review details about products that have already been received by using the Product receipt journals page.
You can access this page from the Receipt action group on the Purchase order page. The information in the journals includes details about the quantities, dates, and dimensions.