How to: Compare Claims

Article
09/15/2021

The Identity Model infrastructure in Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is used to perform authorization checking. As such, a common task is to compare claims in the authorization context to the claims required to perform the requested action or access the requested resource. This topic describes how to compare claims, including built-in and custom claim types. For more information about the Identity Model infrastructure, see Managing Claims and Authorization with the Identity Model.

Claim comparison involves comparing the three parts of a claim (type, right, and resource) against the same parts in another claim to see if they are equal. See the following example.

Claim c1 = Claim.CreateNameClaim("someone");
Claim c2 = Claim.CreateNameClaim("someone");

Dim c1 As Claim = Claim.CreateNameClaim("someone")
Dim c2 As Claim = Claim.CreateNameClaim("someone")

Both claims have a claim type of Name, a right of PossessProperty, and a resource of the string "someone". As all three parts of the claim are equal, the claims themselves are equal.

The built-in claim types are compared using the Equals method. Claim-specific comparison code is used where necessary. For example, given the following two user principal name (UPN) claims, the comparison code in the Equals method returns true, assuming example\someone identifies the same domain user as [email protected].

Claim c1 = Claim.CreateUpnClaim("[email protected]");
Claim c2 = Claim.CreateUpnClaim("example\\someone");

Dim c1 As Claim = Claim.CreateUpnClaim("[email protected]")
Dim c2 As Claim = Claim.CreateUpnClaim("example\someone")

Custom claim types can also be compared using the Equals method. However, in cases where the type returned by the Resource property of the claim is something other than a primitive type, the Equals returns true only if the values returned by the Resource properties are equal according to the Equals method. In cases where this is not appropriate, the custom type returned by the Resource property should override the Equals and GetHashCode methods to perform whatever custom processing is necessary.

Comparing built-in claims

Given two instances of the Claim class, use the Equals to make the comparison, as shown in the following code.

public bool CompareTwoClaims(Claim c1, Claim c2)
{
    return c1.Equals(c2);
}

Public Function CompareTwoClaims(ByVal c1 As Claim, ByVal c2 As Claim) As Boolean
    Return c1.Equals(c2)
End Function

Comparing custom claims with primitive resource types

For custom claims with primitive resource types, comparison can be performed as for built-in claims, as shown in the following code.

public bool CompareTwoClaims(Claim c1, Claim c2)
{
    return c1.Equals(c2);
}

Public Function CompareTwoClaims(ByVal c1 As Claim, _
ByVal c2 As Claim) As Boolean
    Return c1.Equals(c2)

End Function

For custom claims with structure or class based resource types, the resource type should override the Equals method.

First check whether the obj parameter is null, and if so, return false.

if (obj == null) return false;

If obj Is Nothing Then
    Return False

Next call ReferenceEquals and pass this and obj as parameters. If it returns true, then return true.

if (ReferenceEquals(this, obj)) return true;

If ReferenceEquals(Me, obj) Then
    Return True

Next attempt to assign obj to a local variable of the class type. If this fails, the reference is null. In such cases, return false.
Perform the custom comparison necessary to correctly compare the current claim to the provided claim.

Example

The following example shows a comparison of custom claims where the claim resource is a non-primitive type.

using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Claims;

namespace Samples
{
    public sealed class MyResourceType
    {
        // private members
        private string text;
        private int number;

        // Constructors
        public MyResourceType()
        {
        }

        public MyResourceType(string text, int number)
        {
            this.text = text;
            this.number = number;
        }

        // Public properties
        public string Text { get { return this.text; } }
        public int Number { get { return this.number; } }

        // Override Object.Equals to perform specific comparison
        public override bool Equals(Object obj)
        {
            // If the object we're being asked to compare ourselves to is null
            // then return false
            if (obj == null)
                return false;

            // If the object we're being asked to compare ourselves to is us
            // then return true
            if (ReferenceEquals(this, obj))
                return true;

            // Try to convert the object we're being asked to compare ourselves to
            // into an instance of MyResourceType
            MyResourceType rhs = obj as MyResourceType;

            // If the object we're being asked to compare ourselves to
            // isn't an instance of MyResourceType then return false
            if (rhs == null)
                return false;

            // Return true if our members are the same as those of the object
            // we're being asked to compare ourselves to. Otherwise return false
            return (this.text == rhs.text && this.number == rhs.number);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return (this.text.GetHashCode() ^ this.number.GetHashCode());
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Create two claims
            Claim c1 = new Claim("http://example.org/claims/mycustomclaim",
                new MyResourceType("Martin", 38), Rights.PossessProperty);
            Claim c2 = new Claim("http://example.org/claims/mycustomclaim",
                new MyResourceType("Martin", 38), Rights.PossessProperty);

            // Compare the claims
            if (c1.Equals(c2))
                Console.WriteLine("Claims are equal");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Claims are not equal");
        }
    }
}

Imports System.IdentityModel.Claims
Imports System.Security.Permissions

NotInheritable Public Class MyResourceType
    ' private members
    Private textValue As String
    Private numberValue As Integer


    ' Constructors
    Public Sub New()

    End Sub

    Public Sub New(ByVal textVal As String, ByVal numberValue As Integer)
        Me.textValue = textVal
        Me.numberValue = numberValue

    End Sub

    ' Public properties

    Public ReadOnly Property Text() As String
        Get
            Return Me.textValue
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property Number() As Integer
        Get
            Return Me.numberValue
        End Get
    End Property
    ' Override Object.Equals to perform a specific comparison.
    Public Overrides Function Equals(ByVal obj As [Object]) As Boolean
        ' If the object being compared to is null then return false.
        If obj Is Nothing Then
            Return False
        End If
        ' If the object we are being asked to compare ourselves to is us
        ' then return true.
        If ReferenceEquals(Me, obj) Then
            Return True
        End If
        ' Try to convert the object we are being asked to compare ourselves to
        ' into an instance of MyResourceType.
        Dim rhs As MyResourceType = CType(obj, MyResourceType)

        ' If the object being compared to is not an instance of 
        ' MyResourceType then return false.
        If rhs Is Nothing Then
            Return False
        End If
        ' Return true if members are the same as those of the object
        ' being asked to compare to; otherwise, return false.
        Return Me.textValue = rhs.textValue AndAlso Me.numberValue = rhs.numberValue

    End Function

    Public Overrides Function GetHashCode() As Integer
        Return Me.textValue.GetHashCode() ^ Me.numberValue.GetHashCode()

    End Function
End Class
Class Program

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Create two claims.
        Dim c1 As New Claim("http://example.org/claims/mycustomclaim", _
           New MyResourceType("Martin", 38), Rights.PossessProperty)
        Dim c2 As New Claim("http://example.org/claims/mycustomclaim", _
           New MyResourceType("Martin", 38), Rights.PossessProperty)

        ' Compare the claims.
        If c1.Equals(c2) Then
            Console.WriteLine("Claims are equal")
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("Claims are not equal")
        End If

    End Sub
End Class

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How to: Compare Claims

Comparing built-in claims

Comparing custom claims with primitive resource types

Example

See also

Additional resources