Migrate an application to use passwordless connections with Azure Blob Storage

Article
05/10/2023

Application requests to Azure services must be authenticated using configurations such as account access keys or passwordless connections. However, you should prioritize passwordless connections in your applications when possible. Traditional authentication methods that use passwords or secret keys create security risks and complications. Visit the passwordless connections for Azure services hub to learn more about the advantages of moving to passwordless connections.

The following tutorial explains how to migrate an existing application to connect using passwordless connections. These same migration steps should apply whether you're using access keys, connection strings, or another secrets-based approach.

Configure roles and users for local development authentication

When developing locally, make sure that the user account that is accessing blob data has the correct permissions. You'll need Storage Blob Data Contributor to read and write blob data. To assign yourself this role, you'll need to be assigned the User Access Administrator role, or another role that includes the Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write action. You can assign Azure RBAC roles to a user using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, or Azure PowerShell. You can learn more about the available scopes for role assignments on the scope overview page.

In this scenario, you'll assign permissions to your user account, scoped to the storage account, to follow the Principle of Least Privilege. This practice gives users only the minimum permissions needed and creates more secure production environments.

The following example will assign the Storage Blob Data Contributor role to your user account, which provides both read and write access to blob data in your storage account.

Important

In most cases it will take a minute or two for the role assignment to propagate in Azure, but in rare cases it may take up to eight minutes. If you receive authentication errors when you first run your code, wait a few moments and try again.

In the Azure portal, locate your storage account using the main search bar or left navigation.
On the storage account overview page, select Access control (IAM) from the left-hand menu.
On the Access control (IAM) page, select the Role assignments tab.
Select + Add from the top menu and then Add role assignment from the resulting drop-down menu.
Use the search box to filter the results to the desired role. For this example, search for Storage Blob Data Contributor and select the matching result and then choose Next.
Under Assign access to, select User, group, or service principal, and then choose + Select members.
In the dialog, search for your Microsoft Entra username (usually your user@domain email address) and then choose Select at the bottom of the dialog.
Select Review + assign to go to the final page, and then Review + assign again to complete the process.

To assign a role at the resource level using the Azure CLI, you first must retrieve the resource id using the az storage account show command. You can filter the output properties using the --query parameter.

az storage account show --resource-group '<your-resource-group-name>' --name '<your-storage-account-name>' --query id

Copy the output Id from the preceding command. You can then assign roles using the az role command of the Azure CLI.

az role assignment create --assignee "<user@domain>" \
    --role "Storage Blob Data Contributor" \
    --scope "<your-resource-id>"

To assign a role at the resource level using Azure PowerShell, you first must retrieve the resource ID using the Get-AzResource command.

Get-AzResource -ResourceGroupName "<yourResourceGroupname>" -Name "<yourStorageAccountName>"

Copy the Id value from the preceding command output. You can then assign roles using the New-AzRoleAssignment command in PowerShell.

New-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName <user@domain> `
    -RoleDefinitionName "Storage Blob Data Contributor" `
    -Scope <yourStorageAccountId>

For local development, make sure you're authenticated with the same Microsoft Entra account you assigned the role to. You can authenticate via popular development tools, such as the Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell. The development tools with which you can authenticate vary across languages.

Sign-in to Azure through the Azure CLI using the following command:

az login

You will need to install the Azure CLI to work with DefaultAzureCredential through Visual Studio Code.

On the main menu of Visual Studio Code, navigate to Terminal > New Terminal.

Sign-in to Azure through the Azure CLI using the following command:

az login

Sign-in to Azure using PowerShell via the following command:

Connect-AzAccount

Next, update your code to use passwordless connections.

To use DefaultAzureCredential in a .NET application, install the Azure.Identity package:
```
dotnet add package Azure.Identity
```
At the top of your file, add the following code:
```
using Azure.Identity;
```

Identify the locations in your code that create a BlobServiceClient to connect to Azure Blob Storage. Update your code to match the following example:

DefaultAzureCredential credential = new();

BlobServiceClient blobServiceClient = new(
    new Uri($"https://{storageAccountName}.blob.core.windows.net"),
    credential);

To use DefaultAzureCredential in a Go application, install the azidentity module:
```
go get -u github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity
```

At the top of your file, add the following code:

import (
    "github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity"
)

Identify the locations in your code that create a Client instance to connect to Azure Blob Storage. Update your code to match the following example:

cred, err := azidentity.NewDefaultAzureCredential(nil)
if err != nil {
    // handle error
}

serviceURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://%s.blob.core.windows.net", storageAccountName)
client, err := azblob.NewClient(serviceURL, cred, nil)
if err != nil {
    // handle error
}

To use DefaultAzureCredential in a Java application, install the azure-identity package via one of the following approaches:
1. Include the BOM file.
2. Include a direct dependency.

At the top of your file, add the following code:

import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder;

Identify the locations in your code that create a BlobServiceClient object to connect to Azure Blob Storage. Update your code to match the following example:

DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder()
    .build();
String endpoint = 
    String.format("https://%s.blob.core.windows.net", storageAccountName);

BlobServiceClient blobServiceClient = new BlobServiceClientBuilder()
    .endpoint(endpoint)
    .credential(credential)
    .buildClient();

To use DefaultAzureCredential in a Node.js application, install the @azure/identity package:
```
npm install --save @azure/identity
```

At the top of your file, add the following code:

import { DefaultAzureCredential } from "@azure/identity";

Identify the locations in your code that create a BlobServiceClient object to connect to Azure Blob Storage. Update your code to match the following example:

const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

const blobServiceClient = new BlobServiceClient(
  `https://${storageAccountName}.blob.core.windows.net`,
  credential
);

To use DefaultAzureCredential in a Python application, install the azure-identity package:
```
pip install azure-identity
```

At the top of your file, add the following code:

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

Identify the locations in your code that create a BlobServiceClient object to connect to Azure Blob Storage. Update your code to match the following example:

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

blob_service_client = BlobServiceClient(
    account_url = "https://%s.blob.core.windows.net" % storage_account_name,
    credential = credential
)

Make sure to update the storage account name in the URI of your BlobServiceClient. You can find the storage account name on the overview page of the Azure portal.

Run the app locally

After making these code changes, run your application locally. The new configuration should pick up your local credentials, such as the Azure CLI, Visual Studio, or IntelliJ. The roles you assigned to your local dev user in Azure allows your app to connect to the Azure service locally.

Configure the Azure hosting environment

Once your application is configured to use passwordless connections and runs locally, the same code can authenticate to Azure services after it's deployed to Azure. The sections that follow explain how to configure a deployed application to connect to Azure Blob Storage using a managed identity.

Create the managed identity

You can create a user-assigned managed identity using the Azure portal or the Azure CLI. Your application uses the identity to authenticate to other services.

Azure portal
Azure CLI

At the top of the Azure portal, search for Managed identities. Select the Managed Identities result.
Select + Create at the top of the Managed Identities overview page.
On the Basics tab, enter the following values:
- Subscription: Select your desired subscription.
- Resource Group: Select your desired resource group.
- Region: Select a region near your location.
- Name: Enter a recognizable name for your identity, such as MigrationIdentity.
Select Review + create at the bottom of the page.
When the validation checks finish, select Create. Azure creates a new user-assigned identity.

After the resource is created, select Go to resource to view the details of the managed identity.

Use the az identity create command to create a user-assigned managed identity:

az identity create --name MigrationIdentity --resource-group <your-resource-group>

Associate the managed identity with your web app

You need to configure your web app to use the managed identity you created. Assign the identity to your app using either the Azure portal or the Azure CLI.

Complete the following steps in the Azure portal to associate an identity with your app. These same steps apply to the following Azure services:

Azure Spring Apps
Azure Container Apps
Azure virtual machines
Azure Kubernetes Service

Navigate to the overview page of your web app.
Select Identity from the left navigation.
On the Identity page, switch to the User assigned tab.
Select + Add to open the Add user assigned managed identity flyout.
Select the subscription you used previously to create the identity.
Search for the MigrationIdentity by name and select it from the search results.
Select Add to associate the identity with your app.

Use the following Azure CLI commands to associate an identity with your app:

Retrieve the ID of the managed identity you created using the az identity show command. Copy the output value to use in the next step.

az identity show --name MigrationIdentity -g <your-identity-resource-group-name> --query id

You can assign a managed identity to an Azure App Service instance with the az webapp identity assign command.

az webapp identity assign \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <webapp-name>
    --identities <managed-identity-id>

You can assign a managed identity to an Azure Spring Apps instance with the az spring app identity assign command.

az spring app identity assign \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <app-name> \
    --service <service-name>
    --user-assigned <managed-identity-id>

You can assign a managed identity to a virtual machine with the az containerapp identity assign command.

az containerapp identity assign \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <app-name>
    --user-assigned <managed-identity-id>

You can assign a managed identity to a virtual machine with the az vm identity assign command.

az vm identity assign \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <virtual-machine-name>
    --identities <managed-identity-id>

You can assign a managed identity to an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) instance with the az aks update command.

az aks update \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <cluster-name> \
    --enable-managed-identity \
    --assign-identity <managed-identity-id> \
    --assign-kubelet-identity <managed-identity-id>

You can use Service Connector to create a connection between an Azure compute hosting environment and a target service using the Azure CLI. The Service Connector CLI commands automatically assign the proper role to your identity. You can learn more about Service Connector and which scenarios are supported on the overview page.

Retrieve the client ID of the managed identity you created using the az identity show command. Copy the value for later use.
```
az identity show --name MigrationIdentity --resource-group <your-resource-group> --query clientId
```

Use the appropriate CLI command to establish the service connection:

If you're using an Azure App Service, use the az webapp connection command:

az webapp connection create storage-blob \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <webapp-name> \
    --target-resource-group <target-resource-group-name> \
    --account <target-storage-account-name> \
    --user-identity "client-id=<your-identity-client-id>" "subs-id=<your-subscription-id>"

If you're using Azure Spring Apps, use the az spring connection command:

az spring connection create storage-blob \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --service <service-instance-name> \
    --app <app-name> \
    --deployment <deployment-name> \
    --target-resource-group <target-resource-group> \
    --account <target-storage-account-name> \
    --user-identity "client-id=<your-identity-client-id>" "subs-id=<your-subscription-id>"

If you're using Azure Container Apps, use the az containerapp connection command:

az containerapp connection create storage-blob \
    --resource-group <resource-group-name> \
    --name <containerapp-name> \
    --target-resource-group <target-resource-group-name> \
    --account <target-storage-account-name> \
    --user-identity "client-id=<your-identity-client-id>" "subs-id=<your-subscription-id>"

Assign roles to the managed identity

Next, you need to grant permissions to the managed identity you created to access your storage account. Grant permissions by assigning a role to the managed identity, just like you did with your local development user.

Navigate to your storage account overview page and select Access Control (IAM) from the left navigation.
Choose Add role assignment
In the Role search box, search for Storage Blob Data Contributor, which is a common role used to manage data operations for blobs. You can assign whatever role is appropriate for your use case. Select the Storage Blob Data Contributor from the list and choose Next.
On the Add role assignment screen, for the Assign access to option, select Managed identity. Then choose +Select members.
In the flyout, search for the managed identity you created by name and select it from the results. Choose Select to close the flyout menu.
Select Next a couple times until you're able to select Review + assign to finish the role assignment.

To assign a role at the resource level using the Azure CLI, you first must retrieve the resource ID using the az storage account show command. You can filter the output properties using the --query parameter.

az storage account show \
    --resource-group '<your-resource-group-name>' \
    --name '<your-storage-account-name>' \
    --query id

Copy the output ID from the preceding command. You can then assign roles using the az role assignment command of the Azure CLI.

az role assignment create \
    --assignee "<your-username>" \
    --role "Storage Blob Data Contributor" \
    --scope "<your-resource-id>"

Update the application code

You need to configure your application code to look for the specific managed identity you created when it's deployed to Azure. In some scenarios, explicitly setting the managed identity for the app also prevents other environment identities from accidentally being detected and used automatically.

On the managed identity overview page, copy the client ID value to your clipboard.
Apply the following language-specific changes:
- .NET
- Go
- Java
- Node.js
- Python
Create a DefaultAzureCredentialOptions object and pass it to DefaultAzureCredential. Set the ManagedIdentityClientId property to the client ID.
```
DefaultAzureCredential credential = new(
    new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions
    {
        ManagedIdentityClientId = managedIdentityClientId
    });
```
Set the AZURE_CLIENT_ID environment variable to the managed identity client ID. DefaultAzureCredential reads this environment variable.
Call the managedIdentityClientId method. Pass the client ID to it.
```
DefaultAzureCredential credential = new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder()
    .managedIdentityClientId(managedIdentityClientId)
    .build();
```
Create a DefaultAzureCredentialClientIdOptions object with its managedIdentityClientId property set to the client ID. Pass that object to the DefaultAzureCredential constructor.
```
const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
  managedIdentityClientId
});
```
Set the DefaultAzureCredential constructor's managed_identity_client_id parameter to the client ID.
```
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(
    managed_identity_client_id = managed_identity_client_id
)
```
Redeploy your code to Azure after making this change in order for the configuration updates to be applied.

Test the app

After deploying the updated code, browse to your hosted application in the browser. Your app should be able to connect to the storage account successfully. Keep in mind that it may take several minutes for the role assignments to propagate through your Azure environment. Your application is now configured to run both locally and in a production environment without the developers having to manage secrets in the application itself.

Next steps

In this tutorial, you learned how to migrate an application to passwordless connections.

You can read the following resources to explore the concepts discussed in this article in more depth:

Authorize access to blobs using Microsoft Entra ID
To learn more about .NET Core, see Get started with .NET in 10 minutes.

Share via

Migrate an application to use passwordless connections with Azure Blob Storage

Configure roles and users for local development authentication

Run the app locally

Configure the Azure hosting environment

Create the managed identity

Associate the managed identity with your web app

Assign roles to the managed identity

Update the application code

Test the app

Next steps

Feedback

Additional resources

Share via

Migrate an application to use passwordless connections with Azure Blob Storage

Configure roles and users for local development authentication

Sign-in and migrate the app code to use passwordless connections

Run the app locally

Configure the Azure hosting environment

Create the managed identity

Associate the managed identity with your web app

Assign roles to the managed identity

Update the application code

Test the app

Next steps

Feedback

Additional resources