Start Excel in Safe Mode; if it opens successfully, disable its add-ins, but if it still fails, run an Office Online Repair.
1. Test Excel in Safe Mode
- Close Excel.
- Press Windows key + R.
- Enter:
excel.exe /safe
- Select OK.
Safe Mode bypasses Excel and COM add-ins, startup folders, and certain custom settings. ^1^
If Excel opens in Safe Mode
Disable the COM add-ins:
- Go to File → Options → Add-ins.
- At the bottom, select COM Add-ins under Manage, then select Go.
- Clear every check box and select OK.
- Close Excel and start it normally.
- If Excel now works, re-enable the add-ins one at a time, restarting Excel after each one, until the faulty add-in is identified.
If necessary, repeat this test with Excel Add-ins selected in the Manage list.
2. If Safe Mode also fails, run Online Repair
Close every Office application before starting the repair.
- Windows 11: Right-click Start → Installed apps.
- Windows 10: Right-click Start → Apps and Features.
- Find Microsoft 365 or Microsoft Office.
- Select the three dots → Modify.
- For the usual Click-to-Run installation, select Online Repair → Repair.
- If an MSI-based repair window appears instead, select Repair → Continue.
- Complete the process, restart Windows, and test Excel again.
Online Repair is the more complete option; Quick Repair only detects and replaces corrupted files. Repairing Excel this way repairs the entire Office suite unless Excel was installed as a standalone application. ^2^
3. If Excel still will not open
If Excel becomes accessible at any point, install Office updates from:
File → Account → Update Options → Update Now
If Safe Mode and Online Repair both fail, uninstall Microsoft 365 or Office, restart Windows, and reinstall it from the Microsoft account or organization portal associated with the licence. If this is a work-managed computer, ask the Microsoft 365 administrator or IT team to perform the reinstall because administrative permissions may be required.
References
- Excel not responding, hangs, freezes or stops working
- Repair an Office application | Microsoft Support