Same failure here, same build. I filed it with Microsoft in Feedback Hub under Apps / Hyper-V:
https://aka.ms/AA13epdn — open that on a Windows PC and it launches the Feedback Hub item, where you can upvote. Votes are what move an item into triage, and there was no prior item on this at all.
Evidence from my machine, since it isolates which side fails. The host call succeeds: Adding Plan9 share via HcsModifyComputeSystem: name=c path=C:\ port=9902 flags=0x10 hasToken=true, then HcsModifyComputeSystem returned: hr=0x0, then the guest is notified of one share. The guest then logs failed to mount Plan9 share "c": Plan9 mount failed: invalid argument and mounted 0/1 Plan9 shares. The host request is byte-identical to runs that worked before the update, and the guest image is unchanged — I deleted and re-downloaded it to confirm.
Timeline: last successful mount on a guest created 8 September at 17:25 local. KB5124008 and KB5126052 completed during a reboot at 21:31. The first guest created after that reboot, at 21:34, failed, and every one since has failed. A full Windows restart, restarting vmcompute, and rebuilding the guest image made no difference. WSL is not installed on this machine, so it isn't a WSL configuration issue.