Hi Pam Lees,
I understand that your Outlook emails are not syncing in the iPhone Mail app, and the account password is not being accepted there even though you can access the mailbox on your computer.
The Q&A Assist answer above is relevant, especially if you want to use the Outlook for iOS app instead of the iPhone’s built-in Mail app. May I confirm whether you have already had a chance to try those steps? I would also like to add one important point based on the current service information.
There is currently a known issue affecting iOS and iPadOS users who access Outlook.com or Hotmail accounts from the default Apple Mail app. The listed symptoms include password prompts, account authentication messages, and “Cannot Get Mail, The connection to the server failed.” You can review this article and follow the steps there for each affected device: iOS & iPadOS users may experience issues accessing their Outlook and Hotmail accounts from the iOS/iPadOS default Mail app - Microsoft Support
After completing the article steps, please also monitor the Outlook.com service portal or service status page for further updates about this service degradation. The service notice indicates that Outlook.com, Hotmail.com, and the Outlook app are still working as expected, so using the Outlook for iOS app can be a useful workaround while the default iOS Mail app is affected.
Note: the image provided is a real-time screenshot from the Outlook.com Service Health Status at https://status.cloud.microsoft/.
Please also note that this is a user-to-user forum, so contributors cannot check your account or the service status from your mailbox directly. If the issue continues after following the article, please let me know whether you are using the built-in iPhone Mail app or the Outlook for iOS app, and whether the same password works when signing in at Outlook.com.
About the 30-day notice, that usually relates to a Microsoft account security info change. When security verification methods are removed and replaced, the new security info may stay pending for 30 days as a protection measure. During that period, some security-related changes may be restricted, but the account can still remain active for normal use. What does “Security info change is still pending” mean? - Microsoft Support
I hope this helps.