Additional settings-related features and issues within Microsoft Teams Free
For those on Windows 10 seeing this issue, try this workaround
Close and uninstall Teams via Windows settings > Apps.
Log in to the web version, then select "Meet" to generate a meeting link. Paste the meeting link into a new browser tab and open it; once you see the "Join your Teams meeting" screen, look for the "Download now" option at the bottom and install the application. After installation, the option to join the meeting will appear immediately; look for the "Sign in" option at the bottom, log in with your account, see if it lets you.
I tried it work