Hello,
So the thing with Exchange is that once you respond to a meeting invitation it normally turns the original actionable message in your inbox into a simple status card that lacks any accept or decline buttons. Usually when you decline an event it automatically shunts the original invitation over to your deleted items folder so you can accept it from there but because you declined a recurring series specifically inside the Teams application it often triggers a hard delete that skips standard folders completely.
If changing your calendar view to show declined events is coming up blank for both Teams and Outlook web that confirms the background synchronization completely dumped your association to the event instead of soft deleting it. You really only have one reliable way out of this right now without digging blindly through server side dumpsters. Just send a quick message to the meeting organizer and ask them to open the series on their end and use the forward feature to send the meeting right back to your email address.
Because the forward action triggers Exchange to generate a fresh request item for your mailbox it will give you a brand new email containing the active RSVP buttons you need to lock your attendance back in.