Hi ,
Thanks for reaching out to Microsoft Q&A.
I believe Microsoft has to fix this. The Arc agent should ship with the correct package signing key or fetch it automatically. If 1.56 and earlier handle GPG validation correctly and 1.57 breaks only on RHEL 10, that is a regression in the agent, not something you should bake into your automation. Manually importing microsoft.asc is only a temporary workaround. Do not hardcode this into longterm configuration unless ms explicitly documents it.
Suggest raise a support ticket or track the Arc Agent release notes; a patch release will almost certainly restore the key handling that 1.53 introduced.
Please 'Upvote'(Thumbs-up) and 'Accept' as answer if the reply was helpful. This will be benefitting other community members who face the same issue.