Hi Atharva Swamy,
Thank you for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A forum.
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For your issue, here are some suggestions for your:
- Do you have multiple Exchange servers?
If you also use any load balance, please make sure that all Exchange servers under load balance have no network limitation to communicate with M365 services.
You can check this article and confirm that requests from all Exchange Online IP range and domain name will not be blocked from on-prem side:
Microsoft 365 URLs and IP address ranges - Microsoft 365 Enterprise | Microsoft Learn
- Use the following command to check and confirm Integrated Windows authentication and MRSProxy is enabled for EWS virtual directory on all Exchange servers, and all urls are set properly:
Get-WebServicesVirtualDirectory |fl Identity,auth, MRSProxyEnabled,url
- Do you install and use Exchange 2019 CU14 or later versions?
Starting with Exchange 2019 CU14, Windows Extended Protection (EP) feature on the Exchange server will be enabled by default. There are some prerequisites and unsupported scenario for EP.
We could disable EP manually if you are using Exchange 2019 CU14 or CU15.
.\ExchangeExtendedProtectionManagement.ps1 -DisableExtendedProtection
Then try to reset IIS on all your Exchange servers.
iisreset
For more information about Extended protection and the script to disable EP, please check:
Exchange Server support for Windows Extended Protection | Microsoft LearnExchangeExtendedProtectionManagement - Microsoft - CSS-Exchange
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