How to fix the windows server 2016 patching failed after restart multiple times still have the same issue ?

Hello

"80070003" it usually means the "The system cannot find the path specified.".

It seems you have tried to analyze the issue by checking the cbs.log and setupapi.dev.log. If it is possible, please upload the cbs.log and setupapi.dev.log to the cloud drive and share it here.

According to the screenshot, please try the following steps:

1. Open administrator command line and run "sfc /scannow", "DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth" to check the health of system files.
2. Comapare with a known good machine then check whether there is any folder located here. It seems this folder has been missing.

C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\vhdmp.inf_amd64_2b3af30a2972d0c9

3. Fobr advanced troubleshooting, we may consider to capture a boot process monitor log then troubleshoot this issue. Of course, this troubleshooting suggestion may be difficult for forum user. We may consider to open a ticket if it is possible.

How to collect a Process Monitor Boot Log to troubleshoot issues occurring at startup

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4. Of course, an in-place upgrade repair may be useful to resolve this issue. We may get unexpected data loss. Please backup the important data before we made any modifications to the machine.