@Juliusz Marmion Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
1.To clarify this issue, did you deploy an app configuration policy with managed app to configure allowed URLs in Edge for android? If yes, please make sure that you selected Microsoft Edge (Android) in public apps in this app configuration policy.
2.For Intune app configuration delivered through Managed apps app configuration policies, Intune requires Android 9.0 or higher.
3.Please check the status under Apps > Monitor > App Configuration Status.
If there is anything update, feel free to let us know.
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